Supabase Auth errorSupabase Auth: over_request_rate_limit (429 Too Many Requests)

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Why Supabase is rate limiting, and the fix

1. 01

   A React effect calls auth in a loop

   “Sometimes can indicate a bug in your application that mistakenly sends out too many requests (such as a badly written useEffect React hook).” Supabase docs, Auth error codes (over_request_rate_limit)

   An effect that calls getUser, signIn or refresh and also updates state it depends on runs again and again. Subscribe once with onAuthStateChange and clean up on unmount.

   useEffect(() => {
     const { data } = supabase.auth.onAuthStateChange((_event, session) => {
       setSession(session);
     });
     return () => data.subscription.unsubscribe();
   }, []); // run once, not on every session change

2. 02

   Every sign-in comes from your server’s IP

   “Defaults to 30 requests per 5 minutes, with bursts up to 30 requests.” Supabase docs, Auth rate limits (Sign-ups and sign-ins)

   When a Next.js route or an Edge Function signs users in for them, Supabase sees one IP for all users and the limit fills quickly. Turn on IP address forwarding in Authentication > Rate Limits and set the Sb-Forwarded-For header with a secret API key, or sign users in from the browser.

3. 03

   Token refreshes pile up

   “Defaults to 150 requests per 5 minutes, with bursts up to 30 requests.” Supabase docs, Auth rate limits (Token endpoint requests)

   Many tabs, or several Supabase clients in one app, each refresh the session. Create one client and share it, and let the library refresh on its own.

4. 04

   Real traffic is higher than the default

   “When rate limits are exceeded, a 429 Too Many Requests error is returned.” Supabase docs, Auth rate limits

   A launch, a school or an office behind one IP can hit the limit honestly. Raise it in Authentication > Rate Limits, and show users a “try again in a few minutes” message on a 429.

Checked against the vendor’s docs on November 9, 2026: Supabase docs: Auth error codes; Supabase docs: Auth rate limits.

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