Short answer
Open the stack trace: the same function name repeating over and over is the loop. Give recursion a base case that is always reached. Check setters and getters that read or assign their own property (set name(v) { this.name = v } calls itself). Check two functions or event handlers that call each other. For very deep data, use a loop instead of recursion. And don’t spread huge arrays into function arguments (Math.max(...bigArray), arr.push(...other)), which can hit the same limit.
Why the stack overflows, and the fix
01
Recursion without a working base case
“When there are too many function calls, or a function is missing a base case, JavaScript will throw this error.” MDN, RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded
A recursive function must stop at some input. If the stop condition is missing, wrong, or never reached (for example the argument never shrinks), the calls never end.
function sumTo(n) { if (n <= 0) return 0; // base case return n + sumTo(n - 1); // n shrinks every call }02
A setter or getter that uses its own name
Inside set name(value), writing this.name = value calls the setter again, forever. The same happens with a getter that reads this.name. Store the value in a different field.
class User { #name = ''; get name() { return this.#name; } set name(value) { this.#name = value.trim(); } }03
Two functions or handlers that call each other
A change handler that updates a value, which fires the change handler again; a toString or toJSON that formats an object that contains itself; a store subscription that writes to the store. Find the pair in the stack trace and break the cycle with a check or a flag.
function onChange(value) { if (value === current) return; // stop the echo current = value; input.value = value; }04
Spreading a huge array into arguments
Math.max(...arr), arr.push(...other) and fn.apply(null, arr) pass every element as a separate argument. With hundreds of thousands of items that can exceed the stack. Use reduce or a loop instead.
const max = values.reduce((m, v) => (v > m ? v : m), -Infinity); for (const item of other) arr.push(item);
Checked against the vendor’s docs on : MDN: InternalError: too much recursion / RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded.
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Related: React “Maximum update depth exceeded” · “Converting circular structure to JSON” · Node.js “JavaScript heap out of memory”